Energy is the single largest area of direct investment spending in the province. Saskatchewan has long been known as a producer of oil and natural gas and perhaps not so well known as a producer of coal and uranium. These last two energy minerals are mined in opposite ends of the province; the coal originating in the southern area around Estevan and Assiniboia and the uranium being found in the northern area of the province known as the Athabasca Basin.

Coal is the primary source if electric power for Saskatchewan (the province obtains about 65% of its electricity from coal). Uranium is used in the province in the fields of medicine and science and elsewhere as a source of power (one pellet of uranium supplies as much energy as 150 barrels of oil). Over half of Canadian uranium reserves are found in Saskatchewan.