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Absorbed radiation
- amount of energy absorbed by matter when ionizing radiation enters the matter (measured in grays)
- Alpha particle
- a type of ionizing radiation with the least power of penetration; made up of two protons and two neutrons bound together (equivalent to helium nucleus)
- Aluminosilicates
- chemical compounds of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen, including amphiboles, some pyroxenes, all micas, and all feldspars and clays
- Angular unconformity
- an erosional surface cut across tilted layers beneath it; implies that tilting preceded erosion
- Anthracite
- highest rank of coal; developed by metamorphism of lower ranks of coal; can be referred to as "hard coal"
- Aquifer
- any geologic unit capable of transmitting water; aquifers must be both porous and permeable
- Assay
- to analyse ore or other mineral to determine the amount or proportion of metal contained within
- Atom
- the smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element; can take part in a chemical reaction and not be permanently changed
- Atomic number
- the number of protons within the nucleus of a single atom of an element
- Atomic mass
- the mass of an element, recorded as compared to some other element, usually oxygen, with an atomic mass of 16. The average relative mass of an element; can be calculated as number of neutrons plus the number of protons
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