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- Magma
- liquid (usually silicate melt plus gases/crystals) beneath the earth's surface. Magma contains dissolved gases, chiefly water vapor, liquid matter and, on cooling, some mineral crystals
- Mechanical weathering
- a term for all of the processes that break rock into smaller fragments
- Meltdown
- the melting of the core of a nuclear reactor due to the overheating of nuclear fuel
- Mesozoic era
- the period of time between approximately 65 to 225 million years ago in which reptiles were the dominant animals life form. The early part of the Mesozoic was marked by the breakup of Pangaea
- Metamorphism
- a term for a group of processes that internally reorganize the crystalline structure and/or mineral types of a rock, while it remains a solid, under the influences of heat and pressure different from those under which the rock originally formed
- Mineral
- a naturally occurring, crystalline, inorganic chemical compound whose chemical composition and physical properties are fixed or vary within narrow limits
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