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A Horizon
- Mineral horizon formed at or near the surface in the zone of leaching and eluviation of materials in solution or suspension or of maximum in situ accumulation of organic matter. Distinguishing characteristics usually designated by a subscript e.g. Ah - humic( organic matter rich) horizon
Abiotic
- Referring to the absence of living organisms.
Acid Soil-
Soil with a pH less than 7.0
Acre-
An area equal to 43,560 ft2.
Acre Foot-
The volume of water required to cover 1 acre of land to a depth of 1 foot; 325,850 gallons or 1233.5 cubic meters. One acre-foot supplies a family of four for about one year.
Additive-
Food additive - a substance or chemical added either intentionally to
produce a desired effect or unintentionally through
processing, storage or packaging. An additive is any substance that becomes
part of a food product when added.
e.g. coloring agents are often added to food to make them more appetizing.
Aerobic-
Requires the presence of oxygen to live.
Agrichemicals-
Chemicals used in agriculture
Aggregate-
A group of primary soil particles that cohere to each other more strongly than to other surrounding particles. Also called a ped.
Agronomy-
The theory and practice of crop production and soil management.
Alkali soil-
Common term for a soil with a pH of 8.5 or higher or with a high percentage of exchangeable sodium relative to other exchangeable cations (>15%). Also called sodic and saline-sodic soils
Alkaline soil-
Soil with a ph greater than 7.0
Alluvial-
Processes or materials associated with transportation or deposition by running water.
Amino Acids-
Chief components and determinants of the characteristics of a protein; the building blocks of living tissues. Eighteen different amino acids commonly occur in our food supply and eight are considered essential because the body cannot make them.
Animal Uunit-
Common denominator for measuring animal feed requirements where one
animal unit is equivalent to the feed requirement for a 1,000-lb mature
beef cow.
Animal Unit Month (AUM)-
Amount of feed or forage required to maintain one animal unit (e.g., a
1,000-lb cow and calf) for one month.
Anions-
Anions are negatively charged ions such as sulfate SO42- and phosphate H2PO4-
Antibiotic-
Product produced by living organisms such as yeast that destroys or
inhibits the growth of other organisms, especially bacteria.
Anti-Caking Agents-
Chemicals such as silicon dioxide, calcium silicate and
iron ammonium citrate are added to powdered foods to prevent
clumping.
Artificial insemination (AI)-
Placing semen into the female reproductive tract (usually the cervix or
uterus) by means other than natural service.
Association-
Soil Association is kind of map unit used in soil surveys which shows the size, shape, and location of a landscape unit composed of two or more kinds of component soils.
Autotroph-
An organism capable of using carbon dioxide or carbonates as the sole source of carbon rather than organic matter. Obtains energy from the oxidation of inorganic elements or compounds such as iron, sulphur, hydrogen, ammonium, nitrites or from radiant energy.
Available Nutrient-
That quantity of a nutrient element or compound in the soil that can be readily absorbed and assimilated by growing plants.
Average daily gain-
Pounds of liveweight gained per day.
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